Environmental studies All Exam Syllabus and important topic

                                                                The Index

SNo.                                                                                            Name

1. Introduction to Environment

2. Natural Resource

3. Energy Resources

4. Ecosystem

5. Biodiversity

6. Environmental pollution

7.  Social Issues

8.  Environmental Ethics

9.   Environmental protection act

10.  Human Population

                                                                                                                                                                   The Syllabus 

Unit-1

The Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance, Need for public Awareness.

Unit-2  Natural Resources 

Renewable and non- resources: Natural resources and Associated problem.

a). Forest Resources : Use and over- exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.

b). Water Resources : Used and over- Utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams- benefits and problems.

c). Mineral Resource : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies.

d). Food Resource : world food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer- pesticide, problems: Water logging, salinity, case studies.

e). Energy Resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non- renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, case studies.

f). Land Resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification.

Role of an individual in conversion of natural resources.

Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. 

Unit-3

Ecosystem : Concept of ecosystem, Structure & Function of an Ecosystem, Producers, consumers and Decomposer, Energy Flow in the ecosystem, Ecological Succession. Food Chains, Food Web and ecological pyramids.

Introduction, Types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:(a) forest ecosystem, (b) Grassland ecosystem,(c) Desert ecosystem, (d) Aquatic ecosystem ( ponds, streams,lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries).

Unit-4

Biodiversity and its conversation : Introduction, definition, genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Bio- geographical classification of India.Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values of biodiversity at global, National and local levels. India as a mega - diversity nation. Hot- Spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity:  In- situ and ex- situ conversation of biodiversity.

Unit-5    

Environmental Pollution : Definition, Causes, effects and control measures of : (a) Air pollution, (b) Water pollution, (c) Soil pollution, (d) Marine pollution, (e) Noise pollution, (f) Thermal pollution, (g) Nuclear hazards.

 Solid Waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies.

Disaster Management: Floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit-6

Social issues and the Environment: Form Unsustainable to sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy. Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management. Resettlement and rehabilitation of people: its problems and concerns. Case studies. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solution.Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case studies. Wasteland reclamation, consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act, Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act, water ( prevention and control of pollution)Act, wildlife protection Act Forest Conservation Act, Issues involved in enforcement of environment legislation, public awareness.

Unit-7

Human population and the Environment : Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion: Family welfare Programmes, Environment and human health, Human Rights, value education, HIV/ AIDS, Woman and child welfare, Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human health. Case studies.